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In the Middle Ages, not only philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas, but also numerous troubadours have discussed with commitment issues of private property and its social obligations – up to expropriation. The discussion mainly took place in the context of their continuous polemics from about 1150 to 1300 in the form of  sirventes  and  partimens , but also  cansos , against the «evil rich barons», the  rics malvatz . The antipathy towards this «incarnation of  Malvestatz » and figure of greed, avarice and all varieties of immorality finds its outlet in many denunciations and hateful verbal aggressions in a wide rhetorical range – up to demands for prohibition of inheritance claims and suggestions for expropriation. The motivations for these insulting tirades are multiple and partly overlap: The  ric malvatz  is hated as rich and powerful and therefore often successful rival in love as well as one who refuses himself or his fortune for the Crusade, as a miser who denies the equality (including the poor) before God and above all as a territorial prince who tramples on his socio-cultural duty to promote and stabilize the troubadouresque cultural activity with its cultural-productive structure resulting from an important social compromise. It is remarkable, but also enigmatic, in which way a troubadour (Trobaire de Villa-Arnaut) combines his polemic against the  rics malvatz  with a formal experiment and how he legitimizes it with a clear reference to Giraut de Borneil.

Die «bösen Reichen»: Die Trobadors und das Eigentum – von der Sozialpflichtigkeit bis zur Enteignung