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The diffusive behavior in a spinel-type Li +  ion battery material, Li[Ni 1/2 Mn 3/2 ]O 4 , has been studied with positive and negative muon spin rotation and relaxation ( μ   ± SR) measurements in the temperature range between 200 and 400 K using a powder sample. The implanted  μ   +  locates at an interstitial site near O 2−  ion so as to form a O–H like bond, while the implanted  μ   −  is mainly captured by an oxygen nucleus, resulting in the formation of muonic oxygen. This means that local magnetic environments in Li[Ni 1/2 Mn 3/2 ]O 4  were investigated from the two different sites in the lattice, i.e., one is an interstitial site for  μ   + SR and the other is an oxygen site for  μ   − SR. Since both  μ   + SR and  μ   − SR detected an increase in the fluctuation rate of a nuclear magnetic field for temperatures above 200 K, the origin of this increase is clearly confirmed as Li diffusion. Assuming a random walk process with the hopping of thermally activated Li +  between a regular Li site and the nearest neighboring vacant octahedral sites, a self-diffusion coefficient of Li +  was found to range above 10 −11  cm 2 /s at temperatures above 250 K with an activation energy of about 0.06 eV.

How Li diffusion in spinel Li[Ni 1/2 Mn 3/2 ]O 4 is seen with μ ± SR