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Though it is one of the shorter writings of the New Testament, the Letter of Jude provides its readers with a colorful glimpse into the religious and literary mindset of early Christianity. The author of the epistle is intent on encouraging his fellow believers to hold fast to the faith “which was once for all delivered to the saints” (Jude 3). Along the way he calls to mind some of the great events and personalities of the Hebrew Scriptures – the Exodus and the subsequent disobedience of Israel in the desert (Jude 5, 11b), the fate of Sodom and Gomorrah (Jude 7), and anecdotes regarding Cain, Balaam, and Korah (Jude 11). In addition to these points of reference taken from the Torah, Jude introduces into his argument several vignettes from Jewish works of literature of the intertestamental period. Jude employs two such works in particular, The Testament of Moses, and the First Book of Enoch (1 Enoch). His reference to the Testament of Moses takes the form of an allusion – without mention of its source – to the alleged dispute between Michael the archangel and the devil over the body of Moses. Jude’s use of 1 Enoch is more explicit in that he clearly cites a passage from that book (1 Enoch 1,9; see Jude 14b–15). The language of the source text of this passage – whether the citation is an exact quote or simply an accurate paraphrase – is the subject of the present investigation.

The Lord Will Come with His Holy Myriads. An Investigation of the Linguistic Source of the Citation of 1 Enoch 1,9 in Jude 14b15