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The article explores for the first time the theological relevance of the work of the artist Karl Bauer (1868–1942), who specialized in portraits of those he called „Great Men“. Influenced by the pseudo-science of phrenology, he believed that „greatness“ manifested itself in certain features of the skull. Luther, for example, he painted with a prominent forehead as a sign of strong will and Germanic defiance, presenting him as a national hero whose translation of the bible into German had laid the foundation of Bismarck's Empire of 1870. Bauer's Luther-portraits became a trademark of national Protestantism until well into the 20 th -century and were used in the mass media of popular culture. Their enormous popularity points to the relevance of non-logocentric means of theological communication which have not yet been sufficiently appreciated as an important source of church history.

journal for the history of modern theology / zeitschrift für neuere theologiegeschichte

„Luther als Persönlichkeit“. Die Lutherbildnisse Karl Bauers (1868 –1942) und das Selbstverständnis des Protestantismus in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts