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Crotofoligandrin ( 1 ), a new endoperoxide crotofolane-type diterpenoid was isolated from the dichloromethane/methanol (1:1) extract of the twigs of  Croton oligandrus  Pierre Ex Hutch along with thirteen known secondary metabolites including 1-nonacosanol ( 2 ), lupenone ( 3 ), friedelin ( 4 ),  β -sitosterol ( 5 ), taraxerol ( 6 ), (−)-hardwickiic acid ( 7 ), apigenin ( 8 ), acetyl aleuritolic acid ( 9 ), betulinic acid ( 10 ), fokihodgin C 3-acetate ( 11 ), D-mannitol ( 12 ), scopoletin ( 13 ) and quercetin ( 14 ). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on their spectroscopic data. The crude extract and the isolated compounds were assessed  in vitro  for their antioxidant, lipoxygenase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), urease and glucosidase inhibitory potentials. Compounds  1 – 3,  and  10  displayed activities on all the performed bioassays. All the tested samples showed strong to significant antioxidant activity with compound  1  being the most potent (IC 50  39.4 μM).

Crotofoligandrin, a new endoperoxide crotofolane-type diterpenoid from the twigs of Croton oligandrus Pierre ex. Hutch (Euphorbiaceae)