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Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main reason behind extrinsic skin aging. Changes due to chronic UV exposure are called photoaging. Natural products are effective ingredients against UV-mediated skin damage. Present study investigated the anti-photoaging properties of  Camellia japonica  flowers which possess various bioactivities. To enrich the extracts of  C. japonica  flowers, pectinase and beta-glucosidase treatment was employed. Anti-photoaging effect was screened using the changes in MMP-1 and collagen levels in UVA-irradiated human HaCaT keratinocytes. The crude extract of  C. japonica  flowers (CE) was shown to decrease the UVA-induced MMP-1 secretion while attenuating the collagen levels. Pectinase and beta-glucosidase treated CE (ECE) showed increased anti-photoaging effects against UVA-induced changes in MMP-1 and collagen production. Camellenodiol (CMD), a known triterpenoid from  C. japonica , isolated as the active ingredient of ECE and its anti-photoaging effect was screened. Results showed that CMD ameliorated the UVA-induced deterioration in collagen levels by suppressing MMP-1 production in transcriptional level. CMD treatment downregulated the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK MAPKs along their downstream effectors, c-Fos, and c-Jun. In conclusion, enzyme-assisted extraction of  C. japonica  flowers was suggested to enhance the anti-photoaging properties suggestively through high bioactive content such as CMD.

Evaluation and enzyme-aided enhancement of anti-photoaging properties of Camellia japonica in UVA-irradiated keratinocytes