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The essential oils (EOs) of  Origanum floribundum  Munby, an aromatic and medicinal plant endemic in Algeria, were extracted by different hydrodistillation times (30 min, 1, 2 and 3 h) and analyzed by GC and GC–MS. The chromatographic analysis showed that thymol (32.7–45.0%),  p -cymene (16.8–23.1%) and  γ -terpinene (21.6–28.7%) were the most prominent components of the oils. The antioxidant ability was measured using the reductive potential, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay and the inhibition of free radicals DPPH ●  and ABTS ●+ . Antibacterial activity was assessed by the disc diffusion method against three bacteria ( Escherichia coli ,  Staphylococcus aureus  and  Bacillus subtilis ) and one fungus ( Candida albicans ). Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using a microdilution method. Thymol is one of the compounds of EOs, which are widely reported as very biologically active. Although the oil isolated for 30 min was the less-thymol rich, it was the most active with all the antioxidant tests. In the most cases, the antimicrobial activity showed the best results with oils isolated for 30 min and 3 h (MIC = 0.25–1.75 μL/mL). These results suggest that it might be possible to isolate the EO from this plant for a minimum distillation time to obtain oil that can give maximum biological activities.

Distillation time effecting on the composition of Origanum floribundum essential oils and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities