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Hordeum vulgare  and  Hordeum bulbosum  are two closely related barley species, which share a common H genome.  H. vulgare  has two nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), while the NOR of  H. bulbosum  is only one. We sequenced the 2.5 kb 25S-18S region in the rDNA of  H. bulbosum  and compared it to the same region in  H. vulgare  as well as to the other Triticeae. The region includes an intergenic spacer (IGS) with a number of subrepeats, a promoter, and an external transcribed spacer (5′ETS). The IGS of  H. bulbosum  downstream of 25S rRNA contains two 143-bp repeats and six 128-bp repeats. In contrast, the IGS in  H. vulgare  contains an array of seven 79-bp repeats and a varying number of 135-bp repeats. The 135-bp repeats in  H. vulgare  and the 128-bp repeats in  H. bulbosum  show similarity. Compared to  H. vulgare , the 5′ETS of  H. bulbosum  is shorter. Additionally, the 5′ETS regions in  H. bulbosum  and  H. vulgare  diverged faster than in other Triticeae genera. Alignment of the Triticeae promoter sequences suggests that in  Hordeum , as in diploid  Triticum , transcription starts with guanine and not with adenine as it is in many other plants.

The Hordeum bulbosum 25S-18S rDNA region: comparison with Hordeum vulgare and other Triticeae