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The purpose of our study was to compare the chemical compositions and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of  Pycnocycla spinosa  and  Pycnocycla flabellifolia  essential oils. cis-Asarone (62.5%) and widdra-2,4(14)-diene (9%) were the main components of  P. spinosa  aerial part essential oil, while elemicin (60.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.8%) were the main components of  P. spinosa  seed essential oil. α-Phellandrene (25.5%), p-cymene (15.3%), and limonene (13.3%) were found in  P. flabellifolia  essential oil. The inhibition zone diameters for  P. flabellifolia  essential oil were significantly higher than for the two other essential oils from  P. spinosa  (p&lt;0.05). In broth dilution assay (µL/mL), the sensitive microorganism to  Pycnocycla  sp. ( P. spinosa ,  P. flabellifolia ) was  Aspergillus niger , followed by  Candida albicans . In 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) system,  P. spinosa  aerial parts essential oil (IC 50 =548 µg/mL) had higher antioxidant activity than that of two other essential oils.

The chemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of Pycnocycla spinosa and Pycnocyla flabellifolia essential oils