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We established a relationship between the toxic effects of cadmium on the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (E R) chaperone GRP94 (glucose regulated protein 94) and cell survival in cultured rat-thyrocytes of FRTL5 cells. There are no data reporting that the en­hanced expression of GRP94 by Cd stimulation is detectable in thyrocytes. Western blot analysis revealed higher levels of GRP94 expression in those cells post-treated with low concentrations of Cd, following a step-down treatment method, than in Cd pre-treated cells or cells not treated with any Cd, due to changes in cellular sensitivity after pre-treatment with Cd and the possible induction of GRP94 expression after removal of a low concentration of Cd. Elevated GRP94 expression in thyrocytes post-treated with Cd confers a survival advantage by rendering them resistant to cytotoxic stress, and the existence in the thyrocytes of a Cd-specific pathway regulates the expression of stress proteins by Cd.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone GRP94 Is Induced in the Thyrocytes by Cadmium