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Various herbicides inhibit photosynthesis by displacing the second electron acceptor Q B  from its binding site at the D 1 protein. Different amino acid substitutions within this binding site have been found to reduce herbicide affinities, thereby conferring herbicide resistance. In Synechocystis PCC 6714 we have selected 7 single mutants and 6 double mutants resistant to various herbicides due to amino acid substitutions at different positions in the Q B  pocket. Characterization of these mutants consists in molecular determination of the mutations in the psbAl genes and in transformation of Synechocystis PCC 6803 by the cloned mutated genes to analyze the role of the mutations in the mutant phenotypes. Comparison with equivalent Chlamydomonas mutants is presented. These studies allow us to specify the interactions of several amino acid residues with herbicides and Q B  and with each other. Furthermore some Synechocystis mutants present additional characteristics such as an increased sensitivity to photoinhibition, or resistance to formate or modification of the oscillatory pattern of oxygen evolution. Among the 6 point-mutations giving herbicide resistance, only those located at the limit of the loop and the parallel helix produced additional effects on photosystem II function.

Structural Analysis of the Q B Pocket of the D 1 Subunit of Photosystem II in Synechocystis PCC 6714 and 6803