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Propolis is a natural composite balsam, manufactured by honey bees, and active biochemically. Some of its biological effects are attributed to its ability to stimulate enzymatic systems, which in many instances involve trace elements. In the present study we assayed propolis and its ethanolic extract (EEP) for trace elements, and quantified them with the aid of neutron activation analysis. Four elements that have been detected in propolis and EEP for the first time are Na. Cr, Co (ppm) and Ag (ppb). The wide concentration range of the inorganic components in various batches of propolis and EEP is due to the difference in their extraction capacities, and to the variability in the environmental pollutants and the flora at the beehive sites.

Trace Elements in Propolis and in its Ethanolic Extract (EEP) as Determined by Neutron Activation Analysis