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The enhancement of CO 2  fixation in isolated, intact spinach chloroplasts by ascorbate or by low sulfite concentrations (&lt; 1 mм) is strongly reduced or even abolished by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). By the use of  35 SO 3  2-  it is demonstrated that the rate of sulfate formation is much lower than the sulfite induced increase in CO 2  fixation. This indicates that the superoxide radical is the chain initiating event; and, in parallel to ascorbate (Elstner and Kramer, 1973), the HSO 3  radical, acting as a Hill reagent for photosystem I, is reduced to sulfite in turn. The inhibitory action of sulfite at concentrations &gt; 1 mм is not relieved by SOD, since this effect is mainly based on a competitive inhibition of ribulosediphosphate carboxylase.

The Enhancement of CO 2 Fixation in Isolated Chloroplasts by Low Sulfite Concentrations and by Ascorbate