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There appears to be conflicting experimental evidence on the redistribution of the electron density in the lone-pair and other regions of a molecule due to the interaction with its nearest neighbours. In some experimental as well as theoretical deformation density maps a decrease in the lone-pair density has been reported, whereas in other cases an increase has been found. It appears that two major, counteracting factors are responsible for these differences (apart from experimental errors in the diffraction studies and limited accuracy in the theoretical calculations): an increase in the lone-pair density is expected due to the polarizing influence of the neighbours, whereas simple superposition of the isolated monomer deformation densities will lead to an apparent decrease due to the overlap with the negative contours of the neighbouring atom. Depending on which of these factors is the dominant one, an increase or decrease may thus be observed.

Superposition and Polarization Effects on the Electron Density of Lone Pairs