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Without variety, there is no competition. In the field of political competition the constituency must have options between different political agents as well. The state is often regarded as a natural monopoly which is contradictory to competition. Industrial economics have developed criteria for the identification of natural monopolies and give information about opportunities to disaggregate them. This paper transfers those results to the examination of the state. In analyzing the disaggregation of the natural monopoly of the state, the separation of powers is of vital importance: It induces not only the division of powers to different actors, but also reduces the entry barriers to the political competition process. Therefore, it enhances the political choice for individuals and reduces their risk of being exploited by politicians.

Gewaltenteilung als Voraussetzung für politischen Wettbewerb? Zur Disaggregation des natürlichen Monopols “Staat”