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Cluster approaches to local economic development. Theoretical considerations and case studies from Wolfsburg and Hannover. Since the 1990s. cluster approaches have become highly fashionable among scholars in economic geography and regional economics, and policy-makers alike. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of the cluster concept, which eclectically draws on various schools of thought. Clusters can be either conducive or harmful to local economic development. depending on a set of framework conditions and the cluster life cycle. A number of preconditions can be derived that will eventually determine the success or failure of a cluster- based strategy of local economic development. Theoretical propositions are then tested against case studies situated in German city regions where McKinsey &amp; Co. have devised such clusterbased concepts, launched between 1998 and 2002. Despite a uniform approach, local starting conditions and specific constellations of actors have led to distinct interpretations of the cluster approach. Preliminary conclusions suggest that policy can foster the development of local industry clusters if certain building blocks are already in place, but independent in-depth evaluations have yet to be made.

Clusteransätze in der regionalen Wirtschaftsförderung: Theoretische Überlegungen und empirische Beispiele aus Wolfsburg und Hannover