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WEBER’s sociology can be understood as an attempt to spell out the type of rationality which is at the core of modern society and the type of ethical life style which is in line with it. In so far his approach is still an alternative to system theory and to a Marxian perspective. This becomes obvious when his studies on economy and society and his studies on the economic ethics of the world religions are interrelated. This essay tries to establish this relationship on the level of cosmological orders or world views in evolutionary perspective. The key in WEBER’s writings is provided by the „Zwischenbetrachtung“, a piece, which contains a theory of religious rejections of the world and their directions and a theory of conflicts between life spheres as well. There are two dimensions which can be used in order to systematize WEBER’s analysis of world views: monism and dualism on the one hand, theocentrism and anthropocentrism on the other hand. Both dimensions can be applied to distinguish three constellations: Religious-ethical forms of world rejection - the Indian and the Judeo-Christian tradition; religious-ethical forms of world rejection including a potential of world domination - Roman-Catholicism and Protestantism; and the dealectical development of the rationality of world domination - salvation religion and science. In this perspective WEBER’s distinction between an ethic of conviction and an ethic of responsibility gains new importance. This essay attempts to show not only that WEBER himself was in favor of an ethic of responsibility; but also that this ethic, reformulated, can be regarded as the basis of an ethical life style which is capable of coping with the meaning problem of modern society.

zeitschrift für soziologie

Die Paradoxie der Rationalisierung /  The paradox of rationalization: Zum Verhältnis von ,Ethik‘ und ,Welt‘ bei Max Weber / On the relations of ‘ethics’ and ‘world’ in Max Weber