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Est 1, 9 identifies the wife of King Ahasuerus as Vashti, while in Greek sources his wife is Amestris. This essay assesses recent scholarly proposals to identify Vashti and Esther with the Amestris of Herodotus (Shea, Wright, Gordis) or accept the book of Esther's claims as inaccurate (Fox, and Levenson). It examines the three alleged references to Amestris in Herodotus (vii 61. 114; ix 108–113) in light of the above discussion. It argues that vii. 61 actually refers to a male person, that vii 114 offers nothing certain concerning the activities of woman Amestris ca. 480 B.C.E., and that the novelistic genre of ix 108–113 casts doubt on the text's historical reliability. It concludes that, given their ambiguity, the two texts from Herodotus offer less reliable evidence for events and customs in Achaemenid Persia than scholarly citations generally assume. The evidence, however, does leave open the possibility that Esther and Amestris may have been the same person.

Vashti, Amestris and Esther 1,9