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The uses of the terms and expressions nasdljum, eli . . . watarum, tiara$um, tabalum, Sutbum and la (la l ) in Old Babylonian mathematical texts are investigated. The two first operations turn out to be genuine mathematical terms, designating concrete removal and comparison, respectively; hardsum, tabalum and Sutbum are terms from everyday life used to formulate “dressed problems” and hence also occasionally more or less metaphorically for subtraction by removal within the description of procedures, la (on one occasion malum) is used as a substi­ tute for eli . . . watarum when stylistic or similar reasons require that the smaller of two magnitudes to be compared be mentioned first. The claim sometimes made (going back to misreadings of Neugebauer) that lA has to do with a Babylonian concept of negative numbers is thus unfounded.

On Subtractive Operations, Subtractive Numbers, and Purportedly Negative Numbers in Old Babylonian Mathematics