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The intonation system of East Norwegian (EN) is such that a statement often sounds more like a question to a non-native listener. While it may be easy for a phonetically trained person to hear that a final pitch movement of an EN utterance is either a rise to a high, or a fall to a low target tone, such a perceived difference has no phonological significance unless it is exploited systematically for a communicative purpose. Imperative sentences are used for the performance of a variety of speech acts ranging from orders to offers. We carried out a listening comprehension test with imperatives produced with systematically varied intonation contours. Our hypothesis was that an imperative is generally softened by a perceived Low boundary tone but is heard as peremptory if the boundary tone is High. This hypothesis was borne out. Having established the existence of a phonological contrast between a Low and a High terminal boundary tone in EN utterance-final syllables, we argue that a phonologically Low boundary tone is even a grammatical property of EN utterances whose low-pitched final syllable is the result of a global intonation contour that simply precludes a final rise.

A pragmatic perspective on the phonological values of utterance-final boundary tones in East Norwegian intonation