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Objectives The role of oral bacteria in the etiopathogenesis of odontogenic cysts (OC) is controversial. Immune response is regulated by the cytokines secreted during infection. This study aims to describe the association in between bacteria and levels of cytokines in OC. Methods Infected OC fluid samples were obtained from 25 odontogenic keratocysts and 14 radicular cysts (RC). Bacteria detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction on bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Cytokine levels in OC fluids were determined using “luminex” method. Results Porphyromonas gingivalis  was the most common bacteria in all samples (41.03%). Bacteria species number was higher in RCs. The significant difference was detected in terms of interleukine (IL)-1β levels to the number of bacteria contained in cyst fluids (p&lt;0.05). IL1-β level of cyst fluid group containing three or more species of bacteria increased compared with cyst fluid group containing two types of bacteria (p&lt;0.05). IL-1β level was high in cyst fluids with  Campylobacter rectus  and  Treponema denticola  or with three or more bacteria species. IL-1β level was higher in the cyst fluids with  Enterococcus faecalis  negative than  E. faecalis  positives. Conclusions Our results suggest that species and the number of bacterium may differ IL-1β levels in the OC fluid.

Species and number of bacterium may alternate IL-1β levels in the odontogenic cyst fluid