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Chronic pain conditions are associated with neuroplasticity within the central nervous system. In most patients the maladaptive consequence of neuroplasticity supports prolonged course of chronic pain, despite the absence of a commensurate etiology. From a pain neuromatrix perspective it can involve three different circuits within the central nervous system; the classical sensory pathway, the limbic system pathway, and the associative pathways involving the parietal cortical connections. Although this can be conceptualized as a fluid system composed of several interacting networks, it can be broadly separated into a nociceptive specific network of spino-thalamic neurons and second order neurons beyond thalamus that are not nociceptor specific. Thalamus acts as an important relay station that conveys nociceptive signaling to higher centres. Neuroplastic changes can potentially involve any parts within this neuromatrix. It is very uncommon to observe the sudden disappearance of such a chronic pain condition.

A case report of a thalamic stroke associated with sudden disappearance of severe chronic low back pain