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Despite the relevance of much o f Jakob von Uexküll's work to artificial intelligence a nd the c ognitive sciences, it was largely ignored un til the mid- 1980s. Since then, much research has been devoted to the study of embodied autonomous agents (robots) and artificial life. Such systems are typically said to 'learn', 'develop' and 'evolve' in interaction with their environments. It could b e a rgued that t hese self-organizing p roperties s olve the problem of symbol or representation grounding in artificial intelligence research, and thus place autonomous agents in a position o f semiotic interest. Here we discuss the relevance a nd implications of Jakob von Uexküll's theory o f meaning to the study of artificial organisms and their use of r epresentation and sign processes. Furthermore, we contrast his position with more mechanistic views, and examine the relation to recent t heories of embodied cognition and its biological basis, in p articular the work o f Maturana a nd Varela. Finally, we address the issue of whether and to what extent artificial organisms are autonomous and capable of semiosis.

A stroll through the worlds of robots and animals: Applying Jakob von Uexkülls theory of meaning to adaptive robots and artificial life