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Proteolytic and amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These proteolytic activities lead to release of the amyloid-β pep­tides believed to cause neurological pathol­ogy and be linked to pathological progres­sion in AD. Due to its capability to cleave APP within the toxic peptide sequence, the metalloproteinase ADAM10 (“a disintegrin and me­talloprotease”) is a known antagonist of the disease-causing pathway. ADAM10 also plays a major role in the ectodomain shedding of a number of important cell surface proteins. In addition, ADAM10 is involved in the proteolytic activation cascade of the Notch receptor, which is of crucial function in develop­mental processes. The study of ADAM10-deficient mice also revealed that ADAM10 regulates synaptic function and synaptogenesis. Pharmacological activation of ADAM10 is postulated to represent a valuable strategy for prevention of AD. However, due to the multiple roles of ADAM10 in the brain, it will be challenging to find a suitable therapeutic window.

ADAM10: α-secretase in Alzheimer’s disease and regulator of neurobiology