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Depression is a serious widespread psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 17% of people all over the world. Exploring the neurological mechanisms of the antidepressant activity of plant-derived agents could have a crucial role in developing natural drugs for the management of depression. The aim of the present study is to review the neurological mechanisms of action of antidepressant plants and their constituents. For this purpose, electronic databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, were searched from 1966 to October 2013. The results showed that several molecular mechanisms could be proposed for the antidepressant activity of medicinal plants and their constituents.  Hypericum  species could normalize brain serotonin level. Liquiritin and isoliquiritin from  Glycyrrhiza uralensis  rhizome act via the noradrenergic system.  Rosmarinus officinalis  and curcumin from  Curcuma longa  interact with D 1  and D 2  receptors as well as elevate the brain dopamine level.  Sida tiagii  and  Aloysia gratissima  involve γ-aminobutyric acid and  N -methyl-D-aspartate receptors, respectively. Fuzi polysaccharide-1 from  Aconitum carmichaeli  could affect brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathways. Psoralidin from  Psoralea corylifolia  seed modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The total glycosides of  Paeonia lactiflora  demonstrate an inhibitory effect on both subtypes of monoamine oxidase. 3,6′-Di-o-sinapoyl-sucrose and tenuifoliside A from  Polygala tenuifolia  exhibit cytoprotective effects on neuronal cells. Further preclinical and clinical trials evaluating their safety, bioefficacy, and bioavailability are suggested to prove the valuable role of natural drugs in the management of depressive disorders.

Plant-derived natural medicines for the management of depression: an overview of mechanisms of action