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Our earlier report has shown that salt substitutes (Obu-Otoyo) contain some toxic heavy metals. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of the dietary inclusion of salt substitutes (Obu-Otoyo), namely, salt “A” and “B”, on biomarkers of oxidative stress and renal function in rats. Salt “A”, which has a gray color, is the product of a process in which ash is produced by burning palm kernel shaft soaked in water overnight and extracting the residue to produce the salt substitute while Salt “B”, which has a white color, is a rock salt mined from a local site at Ilobu town, Osun-State, Nigeria. Salt substitutes were fed to normal rats as dietary inclusion at 0.5% and 1.0% for 21 days. The dietary inclusion of the salt substitutes caused a significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in plasma activities of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen compared with the control. Meanwhile, the dietary inclusion of the salt substitutes caused a significant (p&lt;0.05) decrease in renal superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione level, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities with a concomitant increase in the malondialdehyde level compared with the control. Furthermore, there was a significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in the concentrations of heavy metals, such as Pb, Co, Cu, Fe, Zn and Cr, in kidney of rats fed with the salt substitute Obu-Otoyo. Therefore, this finding indicates that Obu-Otoyo induces nephrotoxicity in rats. The nephrotoxicity of Obu-Otoyo could be attributed to the induction of oxidative stress as a result of the presence of some heavy metals, suggesting possible health hazards in subjects who consume it.

Dietary inclusion of local salt substitutes induces oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in rats