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In line with our previously conducted researches, various instrumental methods were applied to evaluate the adsorption features and mechanism of Th 4+  from highly acidic solution (4 M HNO 3 ) by rice and wheat bran. Although the results of cation exchange confirmed the existence of ion-exchange interaction in Th 4+  adsorption, it had a trivial contribution in the biosorption process. The presence of Th 4+  ions on the biomass surface was obviously revealed in SEM images and EDS elemental analysis. Moreover, the linkage of C=O , O–H and N–H functional groups  on the biomass surface with Th 4+  ions was clearly represented in the ATR-FTIR spectroscopic analysis. Additionally, desorption studies indicated that ammonium oxalate (&gt;81.3%) and ammonium carbonate (&gt;75.4%) were effective in desorbing Th 4+  from the biomass surface due to strong interactions of hard functional groups of C=O with Th 4+ . The overall observations unfold the fact that electrostatic complexation mechanism is dominant between biomass and Th 4+  ions.

Characteristic and mechanism of Th 4+ sorption from nitric acid solutions by rice and wheat bran