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The extraction behavior of actinides and lanthanides was investigated by three homologues of H-phosphonates viz. diamylhydrogen phosphonate (DAHP), dihexylhydrogen phosphonate (DHeHP) and dioctylhydrogen phosphonate (DOHP). These compounds were synthesized, characterized by using elemental analysis, IR, NMR ( 1 H,  13 C and  31 P) and mass spectroscopy. The extraction behavior of these ligands was compared with a member of dialkylalkyl phosphonate viz. diamylamyl phosphonate (DAAP). The present study has been taken up to understand the influence of phosphorus bonded hydrogen and alkyl groups in H-phosphonates on the extraction behavior of actinides and lanthanides. The important physicochemical properties such as density, viscosity, phase disengagement time, dispersion number and solubility are also reported for the first time. These compounds extract actinides through the P–OH group which is present in tautomeric equilibrium with the P–H bond at lower acidities, and through the phosphoryl group at higher acidities thus exhibiting a dual behaviour. The physical properties can be modified by suitably designing the extractant based on the requirement for a given purpose. The H-phosphonates have potential applications in pre-concentration of large quantities of dilute solutions of uranium and plutonium.

Extraction studies of actinides and lanthanides by bifunctional H-phosphonates