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This paper analyzes three Spanish particles, namely  al parecer, por lo visto   and  según parece , whose status as pure evidentials (i.e., elements  that only convey “source of information”) has been put into question. The aim of this study  is twofold: firstly, to observe the incidence of prosody in triggering the contextual meanings  usually expressed by evidentials, i.e., politeness, impoliteness and self-image activities;  secondly, to find out whether their prosodic behaviour provides any hint of their core meaning  being “source of information”. In order to carry out this analysis, a corpus of circa three million  words of Peninsular Spanish has been compiled, which aims to reflect a variety of registers  (formal and informal) and genres (both confrontational and non-confrontational). The study  reveals different prosodic behaviours exhibited by pure evidentials on the one hand, and  contextual meanings on the other. Theoretically speaking, the concept of “relational work”  embraces all the contextual meanings, and therefore explains the prosodic difference more  effectively than other concepts. On the other hand, data show a high number of cases in  Spanish where evidentials are used with their pure meaning, thus supporting the existence of  elements exclusively conveying “source of information”, without any further contextual nuance.

Evidentials, politeness and prosody in Spanish: A corpus analysis