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Two lignin-based composite films were prepared by solution casting, which were named Cu-CLA/PVA and CuO-LA/PVA/CNF, respectively. The kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of the deodorization process of the composite membranes were performed by using adsorption models. The results showed that both membranes had good adsorption performance for H 2 S with the adsorption amounts of 36.39 mg g −1  and 35.69 mg g −1 , respectively. The adsorption processes were mainly following the pseudo-secondary kinetic model, intraparticle diffusion model, and Freundlich isothermal adsorption model, indicating that the intraparticle diffusion resistance controlled the H 2 S adsorption rate and H 2 S was adsorbed on the non-homogeneous surface of the membranes through multiple layers. The adsorption of H 2 S by Cu-CLA/PVA is an exothermic process, while the adsorption of H 2 S by CuO-LA/PVA/CNF is a heat-absorbing process, indicating that Cu-CLA/PVA is more suitable for H 2 S adsorption at low temperatures, but CuO-LA/PVA/CNF, at higher temperatures, is favorable for H 2 S adsorption reactions. △ G  is negative of both Cu-CLA/PVA and CuO-LA/PVA/CNF, indicating that both Cu-CLA/PVA and CuO-LA/PVA/CNF are spontaneous for H 2 S adsorption.

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of H 2 S adsorption by lignin-based composite membranes