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Background and objective:  Although for some highly lipophillic drugs the principal barrier to permeate the human skin may reside in the essentially viable epidermal membrane, for most molecules, the stratum corneum (SC) is the rate-limiting barrier to drug delivery. Today, several techniques have been developed to enhance transdermal drug delivery (TDD) by increasing the effective permeability of the SC (e.g., iontophoresis, electroporation, micro-needle, ultrasound, radio frequency and laser radiation). The goal of this study is to investigate the extent to which thermocavitation may be used as a novel alternative method to selectively pierce the SC and thus enhance TDD. Thermocavitation for this purpose is generated by a continuous wave (CW), low power laser beam focused on a highly-absorbing solution topically applied on the skin surface. The absorbed light creates a superheated volume in a tightly localized region followed by explosive phase transition and the formation of vapor-gas bubbles, which expand and later collapse very rapidly emitting intense acoustic shockwaves that disrupt the surface underneath.

photonics and lasers in medicine

Towards the enhancement of transdermal drug delivery through thermocavitation: Verbesserung der transdermalen Wirkstoffverabreichung durch Thermokavitation