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Latent heat storage represents a promising technique to achieve net zero energy buildings. This work investigates the behaviour of phase change material (PCM) inside a rectangular enclosure, which represents the geometry of a latent heat storage system. The left side of the unit is exposed to a constant temperature ( T h  ), while the other three walls are exposed to convection heat transfer boundary condition [ h = 5, 10, and 15 W/(m 2  K)] and different ambient temperatures ( T  ∞  = 297 ◦  and 307 ◦ K). The ambient temperatures were selected to be at/above the melting temperature of the studied PCM (coconut oil). To study the melting process of the PCM, the continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equation were used. The Navier-Stokes equations were modified using the Carman-Kozeny relation. The finite element method was utilized to produce numerical results. The results are presented in terms of flow and thermal fields, Nusselt number ( Nu ), and the melt fraction ( MF ) of the PCM. The results show that, when  T  ∞  =  T m  , the melting rate of the PCM slows down with increasing the convection heat transfer coefficient. While the melting rate accelerates with increasing the convection heat transfer coefficient when  T  ∞  &gt;  T m  .

Effect of convection heat transfer on thermal energy storage unit