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Perception of illusory contures how the brain causes illusions. Illusory contours are perceived as real borders although they have no physical counterpart. Such perceptual illusions illustrate that the brain performs ‘probability estimates’ about the outer world that go beyond a mere reproduction of sensory data. The perception of illusory contours is not just a neural dysfunction, but is a result of the visual system’s ability to fill-in incomplete object boundaries that appear quite often in visual scenes. This explains why the representation of illusory contours has emerged independently in differently-evolved brains (of mammals, birds and insects) that share the same visual constraints. Bottom-up processing at early levels of the visual pathway seem to explain the perception of illusory contours. Modulating input from higher processing stages, however, can change the activity of illusory-contour coding neurons. Exploring visual illusions helps to explain the principles of perception. In addition, visual illusions demonstrate that perception is an active process that is profoundly influenced by the wiring schemes of the brain.

Die Wahrnehmung von Scheinkonturen - Wie sich das Gehirn Illusionen macht