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In this work, we have performed a comprehensive investigation of the Ag +  concentration effect on the morphological, thermal, structural, and mid-infrared emission properties of novel oxyfluoride borosilicate glasses and glass ceramics containing both Ag nanoparticles and erbium-doped hexagonal NaYF 4  nanocrystals. The effect of Ag +  ions on the glass forming and crystallization processes was discussed in detail by glass structural analysis. It was found that the Ag +  concentration can affect the distribution of Na +  ion and bridge oxygen in boron-rich and silicon-rich phases, which induced the transformation between BO 3  triangles and BO 4  tetrahedra during crystallization process. In addition, there was a turning point when the doped Ag +  ion concentration reached its solubility in the borosilicate glass. Furthermore, the enhancement of the 2.7 μm emission and the reduction of the lifetime of the  4 I 13/2  level were observed both in glasses and in glass ceramics, and its origin was revealed by qualitative and quantitative analyses of the Er 3+ -Ag nanoparticles (localized electric field enhancement) and Er 3+ -Er 3+  (nonradiative resonance energy transfer) interactions within glasses and glass ceramics. Moreover, the high lifetime of the  4 I 11/2  level (2.12 ms) and the peak emission cross section in 2.7 μm (6.8×10 −21  cm 2 ) suggested that the prepared glass ceramics have promising mid-infrared laser applications.

nanophotonics

Comprehensive studies of the Ag +  effect on borosilicate glass ceramics containing Ag nanoparticles and Er-doped hexagonal NaYF 4  nanocrystals: morphology, structure, and 2.7 μm emission