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A series of ruthenium( ii ) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands of the general type (arene)(NHC)Ru( ii )X 2  (where X = halide) ( 3a–3d ) were synthesized and characterized in order to compare their antibacterial activities with benzimidazolium salts  2 . Our comparison revealed that ruthenium( ii ) NHC complexes  3  were more active than benzimidazolium salts  2 . Furthermore, the two complexes  3b  and  3d  had a potent inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase with an IC 50  of 4.52 and 4.04 g·mL −1  and against tyrosinase with an IC 50  of 20.77 and 25.84 g·mL −1 , respectively. In addition, screening of benzimidazolium salts ( 2a–2d ) and their ruthenium( ii ) complexes ( 3a–3d ) against colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT-116) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG-2) were studied. The obtained results revealed that complex  3a  is the most active against vinblastines.

Novel ruthenium( ii ) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of their biological activities