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This study aimed to investigate the changes of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in patients with adenomyosis before and after treatment with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a). One hundred and sixty-five patients with adenomyosis who received HIFU combined with GnRH-a were selected as case group. Sixty-five healthy women who underwent physical examination at the same time were taken as normal control group. At the end of follow-up 6 months after treatment, the case group were divided into effective subgroup and ineffective subgroup according to clinical efficacy. Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 were analyzed. Serum CA125 and PGE2 levels in the case group were higher than those in the normal control group before treatment (both  P  &lt; 0.001). Serum CA125 and PGE2 levels in the case group 6 months after treatment were lower than those before treatment (both  P  &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in serum CA125 and PGE2 levels between effective subgroup and ineffective subgroup before treatment ( P  = 0.351, 0.284, respectively). Serum CA125 and PGE2 levels in the effective subgroup were lower than those in the ineffective subgroup 6 months after treatment (both  P  &lt; 0.001). Serum CA125 and PGE2 may be involved in the development of adenomyosis, and their expression levels may be related to the prognosis of patients. Levels of serum CA125 and PGE2 in patients with adenomyosis decrease after treatment with HIFU combined with GnRH-a. The detection of serum CA125 and PGE2 may be used as an index to diagnose adenomyosis and evaluate the therapeutic effect of HIFU combined with GnRH-a.

Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with GnRH-a in treatment of patients with adenomyosis