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Gorals are distributed in varied ranges of habitats in South and South–East Asia, and the existence of the number of species in the genus  Naemorhedus  has been greatly debated from time to time. A school of thought supports the presence of three species, while a recent genetic study recognizes five species of goral throughout their distribution range. However, the unavailability of DNA sequences of gorals from India left a gap in understanding the species occurrence in Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). We revisited goral taxonomy by sequencing mitochondrial Cytochrome  b  gene (∼404 bp) and control region (∼225 bp) of 75 Himalayan gorals from Western and Central Himalayas in India. Based on various species delineating methods, we suggest that Himalayan goral ( N. goral ) is a highly diverged species and possibly exists into two subspecies,  i.e. N. g. bedfordi  in Western Himalayas and  N. g. goral  in the Central Himalayas. We validate the presence of plausibly six species of gorals across the distribution and recognize  N. griseus  and  N. goral  are two distinct species considering the observed discrepancy in the available sequences. We also propose that goral populations distributed in Western and Central Himalayas may be considered as two evolutionary significant units (ESUs). This recognition will bring concentrated efforts in further exploring the natural populations and ecological information required for prioritizing conservation and management of Himalayan goral.

Revisiting taxonomic disparities in the genus Naemorhedus : new insights from Indian Himalayan Region