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Rodents of the genus  Hylaeamys , are a group of cryptic species previously included in the  Oryzomys capito  complex. In Brazil are represented by six species, distributed in different biomes. However, the limits of their geographic distributions and taxonomy have not yet been well defined. In particular, the taxonomy for  Hylaeamys seuanezi  is unstable. Based on the analysis of bony structures and supported with geometric morphometric techniques, we characterize and compare the average shape from populations in four localities from Southern Bahia, Brazil. We review 145 individuals and we create morphological landmarks in skulls, mandibles, scapulae, and pelvis. In all the structures there were statistically significant differences between populations, in which the average shape from the Igrapiúna population was the most differentiated. Our results also showed differences between the pelvis of males and females, reporting for the first time sexual dimorphism for  H .  seuanezi . Finally, we provide a morphological diagnosis between the populations and postulate that such differences may be correlated with environmental and climatic factors that could be exerting negative pressures on  H. seuanezi ; as has been evidenced with other species of rodents and other mammals.

Morphological variation in bony structures of Hylaeamys seuanezi (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) in Southern Bahia, Brazil