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The stump-tailed porcupine,  Coendou rufescens , is a widely distributed but scarcely documented species inhabiting the Andean region of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and an isolated population in Bolivia. Despite the wide distribution different aspects on its biology and ecology are still unknown. We present an update to the distribution of  C. rufescens , and recent observations on the anatomy, natural history, and conservation in Colombia. For this, we described the male genitalia and present data on reproductive periods, plants used and consumed, and threats. The distribution of  C. rufescens  comprises 12 ecoregions in an area of 376,225 km 2  for the northern group (Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) and 393 km 2  for the southern group (Bolivia). The highest elevational record is in Ecuador (4387 m), being the porcupine inhabiting at highest elevations. The anatomy of the glans is similar to that observed in  Coendou quichua  and constitutes the second species of  Coendou  with available information on glans morphology.  C. rufescens  consumes fruits and leaves of potato cider ( Sechium edule : Cucurbitaceae) and woody shrub ( Bejaria : Ericacea), and usually perches even in exotic species such as pines. Finally, common treats for the species in Colombia are related to hunting pressures, predation by domestic dogs, and roadkills.

Distribution update, male genitalia, natural history, and conservation of the stump-tailed porcupine Coendou rufescens in South America