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Small mammal communities in the Neotropics are composed largely of sigmodontine rodents. However, many questions regarding these communities remain unanswered, especially those pertaining to fine-scale sympatry and habitat selection. To address this, we examined sigmodontine community structure and vegetation in the western margin of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest and the southwestern-most extent of the Cerrado (CE) (an extensive South American savanna ecoregion) of Paraguay. Vegetation classifications were derived from satellite imagery combined with maps based on extensive ground-based surveys. The three most abundant species ( Akodon montensis ,  Hylaeamys megacephalus , and  Oligoryzomys nigripes ) were found most often in microsympatry with conspecifics, and were negatively associated with other species.  Akodon montensis  was associated with high forest (HF), and  H. megacephalus  with bamboo understory (BU), whereas  O. nigripes  did not exhibit a habitat preference. The first two species’ distributions within the landscape were found to be driven primarily by habitat selection, and  O. nigripes  by a behavioral response (avoidance) to the presence of the other two species. Moreover, habitat influences whether or not a particular species associates with, or avoids, conspecifics or other species.

Sympatry and habitat associations of sigmodontine rodents in a neotropical forest-savanna interface