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Mosaic-tailed rodents of the genus  Melomys  belong to the Australasian old endemic murine radiation and exhibit a rat-like morphology with arboreal or scansorial specializations. Here we report a new population of  Melomys burtoni  from the island of Halmahera (in the North Moluccas, Indonesia). Our molecular phylogenetic results highlight close relationships and recent evolutionary divergences among  M. burtoni  from Halmahera and the Australo-Papuan taxa  M. burtoni  and  M. lutillus  and other Moluccan taxa, including  M. paveli . Multivariate as well as geometric morphometric analyses of cranial, and dental features support the recognition of  M. burtoni  from Halmahera as a slightly distinctive insular population, preventing us from elevating it as a new taxa. This population is recorded from lowland secondary forest and forest edge habitats in south-central Halmahera. As with other Moluccan endemic murines, colonization by an Australo-Papuan ancestor and subsequent isolation is the probable mode of diversification for  M. burtoni  in Halmahera. The discovery of  Melomys  in Halmahera fills a previously puzzling gap in knowledge of the murine fauna of the Moluccas and the biogeography of the Wallacean region.

New record of Melomys burtoni (Mammalia, Rodentia, Murinae) from Halmahera (North Moluccas, Indonesia): a review of Moluccan Melomys