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We addressed the species taxonomy of five-toed jerboas ( Allactaga , subgenus  Paralactaga ) in the Middle East by applying molecular markers (cytochrome  b  and a partial 16S rRNA). The study consisted of 17 specimens from eight localities in the Middle East, representing both species:  Allactaga euphratica  and  Allactaga williamsi . The phylogenetic reconstructions yielded three highly divergent lineages, which failed to conform to the recent taxonomy of  Paralactaga . The first lineage ( williamsi  lineage) encompassed all the samples of  A. williamsi  from Turkey and Iran and also the specimens of  A. euphratica  from Lebanon. The haplotypes of  A. euphratica  were arranged into two lineages, which showed strong geographic associations. One lineage contained samples from Harran in Turkey and from Iran, while all the samples from Syria clustered in another lineage. The pairwise Kimura two-parameter values suggested similar divergences between the three lineages and were within the range reported for a sister species of rodents. Our results point to a cryptic species in  A. euphratica  and also provide evidence of the expanded range of  A. williamsi  further south to Lebanon.

Mitochondrial sequences point on a cryptic species in five-toed jerboas, subgenus Paralactaga