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Reithrodon auritus  is a living sigmodontine with one of the broader temporal records, from the lower Pliocene of Argentina. Its populations in northwestern Argentina are today found patchily and restricted to five high-elevation and isolated localities in open areas of highland grasslands vegetation (at &gt;3000 m). During the Pleistocene and early Holocene,  R. auritus  would have had a broader range, reaching lower altitudes everywhere and being one of the dominant small mammal species in some fossil localities. In this note, we summarize the known Pleistocene and early Holocene fossil record of  R. auritus  in northwestern Argentina, provide new paleontological sites for the species, and make comments concerning the paleoenvironmental implications of its presence at such lower altitudes. The paleontological evidence indicates that during the Pleistocene and early Holocene,  R. auritus  inhabited around 1000 m below their current altitudinal distribution in the eastern Andean ranges, with populations clearly more abundant than today. The fossils of  R. auritus  are indicative of colder and perhaps more xeric paleoenvironmental conditions, characterized by open areas with sparse grassy vegetation as those developed today around 3000 m elevation.

The Quaternary record of Reithrodon auritus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in northwestern Argentina and its paleoenvironmental meaning