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The systematics of the rodent genus  Gerbillus  still needs clarifications. Within this genus,  Gerbillus nanus  is a species often considered to have a wide geographic distribution ranging from northwest India to the Mauritanian coast. Some authors, however, have suggested that other species, namely  Gerbillus amoenus  and/or  Gerbillus garamantis , may replace  G. nanus  over a part of, or over the whole of its African area of occurrence. Here, we bring together new karyological data and molecular analyses of cytochrome  b  mitochondrial gene sequences of  G. nanus  specimens from various parts of the alleged extended distribution of the species: Pakistan and Israel in Asia, and Libya, Mali, and Mauritania in Africa. The karyotypes of Asian and African specimens appear similar, while a rather important genetic distance was found between samples of specimens from the two continents. This last finding suggests that at least two distinct species exist,  G. nanus  being the species of Asian distribution, and  G. garamantis  and/or  G. amoenus  being the one(s) with African distribution(s). Similar comparative analyses on larger samples are now needed to determine the precise taxonomic situation in this group, as well as the distribution limits of each species.

Molecular variation and chromosomal stability within Gerbillus nanus (Rodentia, Gerbillinae): taxonomic and biogeographic implications