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We explore the linguistic variant – as opposed to the variable – as the object of sociolinguistic perception. The sociolinguistic principle of accountability, in centering the variable as a choice between variants, implicitly models variation from the perspective of the speaker, who makes that choice. But is it a good model for the perception of sociolinguistic meaning on the part of the listener? This paper reports the results of a matched-guise study designed to test eight distinct functions of the form  like  – as a verb, approximate adverb, discourse particle, etc. – in an attempt to determine whether listeners attach the same social meaning to this variant regardless of the variable it represents, and if so, whether this could be a partial explanation for why the use of  like  is increasing in apparent time in several variables at once. We do not find evidence to support the hypothesis that listeners evaluate the different functions of  like  in the same way. However, our results do offer empirical support for the division of  like  into sociolinguistically salient “vernacular” and non-salient “grammatical” categories. Moreover, we find a consistent pattern in which the more recently a function of  like  entered the speech community, the more salient it is to listeners.

Is like like like ?: Evaluating the same variant across multiple variables