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One of the most developed models for explaining  bilingual constituents is the matrix language frame model (Myers-Scotton 1997).  Its basic insight is that a bilingual constituent will be determined by the  abstract structure underlying only one of the languages of the constituent, the  matrix language. While the model has been tested against many language  situations, a situation typical for minority linguistic groups in Maiduguri in  NE Nigeria has not been studied in detail. The present study centers on Nigerian  Arabs. Urban Nigerian Arabs are typically bilingual in Nigerian Arabic (NA) and  Hausa, and additionally they use English and Standard Arabic, particularly for  lexical concepts. Bilingual speech (codeswitching) is supported by both NA and  Hausa matrices. In a number of respects, however, both lexical and constituent  insertions into these two languages are different. This article documents these  differences on the basis of an extensive spoken corpus, and examines their  implication for the notion of matrix language. It is argued that the structural  notion of matrix language needs to be supplemented with a perspective allowing  matrix languages to be conceived of in hierarchical terms.

Hierarchicalized matrices: codeswitching among urban Nigerian Arabs