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Background Escherichia coli  accounts for 70–95% of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs). Recently, there has been an increase in the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in the community which required an accurate identification for better management. Therefore, the current study was performed to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern, investigate ESBL phenotypes and genotypes ( blaCTX-M ,  bla TEM  and  bla SHV  genes) and determine the phylogenetic groups among ESBL-positive isolates from outpatients. Methods One hundred and eighty-three positive urine samples were collected from 4450 outpatient clinic attendees. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined and ESBL phenotype screening was carried out using disk diffusion agar and combination disk techniques, respectively. The assessment of the presence of the  blaCTX-M ,  bla TEM  and  blaSHV  genes and phylogenetic grouping were performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results Out of 183  E. coli  isolates, 59 (32.2%) showed a positive ESBL phenotype. The prevalence of ESBL-producing  E. coli  was higher in males (57.4%). Fifty-seven of the ESBL-producing strains carried at least one of the β-lactamase genes ( bla CTX-M ,  bla TEM ,  bla SHV ). Phylotyping of multi-drug resistant isolates indicated that the isolates belonged to B2, A and D phylogroups. Analysis of resistance patterns among these phylogroups revealed that 74.4%, 55.3% and 29.7% of the isolates in the B2 group were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, respectively. Most of the strains in the phylogroup B2 carried the  bla CTX-M  gene. Conclusions All the ESBL-producing isolates were placed in one of the four phylogenetic groups. The presence of CTX-M and resistance to quinolones were more frequent in B2 strains than in non-B2 strains.

journal of laboratory medicine

Determination of the frequency of β-lactamase genes ( bla SHV ,  bla TEM ,  bla CTX-M ) and phylogenetic groups among ESBL-producing uropathogenic  Escherichia coli  isolated from outpatients