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The laboratory examination of hematologic diseases has made great progress in the last 30 years and is now based on a fourfold strategy: cytomorphology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. Cytomorphology is still the crucial first step, and then it usually followed by flow cytometric immunophenotyping of relevant cell population. Both investigations require a highly expert laboratory team and, often, an exchange of information among the clinicians. It is a challenge for small specialized laboratories to reach quality standards and economic efficiency nowadays, even with highly specialized personnel. One solution is the collaboration among institutes of clinical pathology (usually a central laboratory), smaller laboratories specialized in hematology, and usually residents in departments of hematologic diseases, as is the practice in the Interdiscipline Hematologic Competence Center (IHK) of Innsbruck since 2008. Thus, in Innsbruck, this competence center concentrates the whole expertise in the hematology laboratory of the hospital based on cytomorphology and flow cytometry. Besides the clarification of already identified hematologic diseases, the IHK has optimal conditions not only for the specific and prompt first-time diagnosis of hematologic diseases (e.g., additional diagnostic findings) but also for the screening of blood samples, from tertiary care hospitals, that require further diagnostic workup for specific disease clarification based on numeric and morphologic abnormalities. For the further progression of the IHK, the integration of cytogenetic and molecular genetic diagnostics is essential. The interdisciplinary collaboration of clinical pathologists, hematology clinicians, and cytogenetic and molecular genetics experts improves the knowledge transfer and expertise of all members and enhances the efficiency and quality level of such a collaborating laboratory division. Further advantages can be achieved in important laboratory development processes (e.g., laboratory accreditation, implementation of expensive laboratory equipment, such as ten-color flow cytometers, introduction of modern laboratory information systems, or image-archiving systems), with a high potential of synergetic effects stemming from the collaboration. The establishment of interdisciplinary competence centers for hematologic diagnostics is therefore a milestone in modern laboratory diagnostics.

laboratoriumsmedizin

Laboratory examination of hematologic diseases at the interdisciplinary hematologic competence center (IHK) of Innsbruck of the clinic for hemato-oncology V of the university hospital Innsbruck and the central laboratory of the university hospital Innsbruck (ZIMCL) 1)