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The purpose of this paper is to show how Latin-Christian intellectuals, especially from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries onwards, learned not only to use the new term ‘religious law’ (“lex”) within their modes of cultural comparison and othering as a pattern of religious polemics, but also as a means of dis/integrating and historicizing Islam as a new (religious) law and its lawgiver Muḥammad within a whole system of legal thought (natural law, divine law, written law ...) and a religious world order arranged between divine transcendence and human immanence. The paradoxical but enduring consequence of this very productive mistake of comparing incomparable but always personalized conceptions of religion is that Islam found its place within the Occidental system of institutionalized monotheisms.

“Lex Mahometi”. The Authority of a Pattern of Religious Polemics