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Continuous wave (C/W) Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive and inexpensive method of assessing both the fetal circulation in utero and the cerebral circulation of the newborn. We have used spectrum analysed C/W Doppler signals to study the feto-placental circulation in utero and the cerebral circulation of the new born particularly in relation to the development of intraventricular haemorrhage ( I V H ) . In normal pregnancy umbil ical arterial blood flow was found to be continuous with a significant diastolic flow component, indicating that placental vascular resistance was low. Analysis of the ratio of peak systolic flow (A) to end diastolic flow (B) at various gestational ages showed that there was a progressive fall in placental resistance with advancing gestational age ( I ) . The mean A/B ratio at 16 weeks (5.3,SD+I.I) was significantly different (P<0.001) from that obtained at term (2 . I .SD = 0.3). Fetal blood velocity waveform analysis in cases of retarded intrauterine growth ( R I U G ) demonstrated that in 77% of instances there was no diastolic flow in the umbil ical arteries indicating increased placental resistance and this phenomenon was noted to be present in all cases where fetal death occurred in utero.

The application of Doppler Ultrasound to the study of fetal blood flow in perinatal medicine